1. In Philo's first speech what is his chief complaint about Cleanthes'
argument?
2. In Philo's second speech he says that order and arrangement are
not by themselves proof of design. What else is needed?
3. Philo grants (p. 62) that similar causes prove similar effects and
that similar effects prove similar causes. He warns us though that the
certainty of such reasoning can be affected by what?
4. According to Philo, discoveries in astronomy and by microscopes
would weaken the certainty of Cleanthes' conclusion. Why?
5. When Philo compares the universe and its designer to a ship and
its carpenter he suggests what about the world?
6. Describe any one of Philo's complaints about the Teleological Argument
and then explain how Paley might reply.