Planning for Sustainability 		City and Regional Planning 119

Fall 2002
[ Announcements | Syllabus | Class Description | Resources ]
Lectures 11-12:30 Tuesday and Thursday, C50 Hearst Annex
Professor Stephen Wheeler, Ph.D., AICP
   Contact information: swheeler@uclink.berkeley.edu, 510-843-0460 (home office)
   Office hours: Wednesdays 9:30-11 or by appointment, M118 Wheeler
Announcements
10/28 There will be guest speakers on October 31 and November 12. On October 31, Allison Quaid, from the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, will talk from 12:00 to 12:30. On November 12, Patrick Kennedy, infill developer and president of Panoramic Associates, will speak.

10/22 There is a reader supplement available at University Copy, on Channing Way just below Telegraph Ave., for $2.50. This includes reading for this week, and the readings on Afghanistan.

10/15 An in-class midterm is scheduled for October 29. A term project progress report will be due November 5.

10/01 The due date of the third exercise has been moved from 10/03 to Tuesday, 10/08.

10/03 The first City Walking tour meets at 9:00am this Saturday, 10/05, at the northeast corner of Center and Oxford (the west end of campus). The tour will last until 1:00pm. The second walking tour is scheduled for Sunday, 10/20. There is a handout of information that outlines the tour.

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Syllabus
Date Lectures Readings (pages in reader given) Assignments
Part 1: Theory and Background to Sustainability Planning
08/27 Introduction to course; current urban problems and opportunities   Exercise 1 write-up (due Sept. 5)
08/29 History, definitions, and perspectives on Sustainability 8-26: "The New Planning Agenda", "Envisioning Sustainable Places"
09/03 Exercise 1: Personal background and visions of sustainable urban development  
09/05 The Three E's: Environment 28-56: "The Sixties Rebellion: The Search for a New Politics", Beyond the Limits
09/10 The Three E's: Economics 57-61, skim 62-67, 67-81: "The Steady-State Economy", "The Ecology of Commerce" Exercise 2 write-up (due Sept. 19)
09/12 The Three E's: Equity 83-107: "Development, Trade, and Environment", "Addresssing Regional Dilemmas for Minority Communities"
09/17 Exercise 2: Analyzing the Three E's within an urban development debate  
09/19 Ethics, Worldviews, and Sustainability 108-133: "The Land Ethic", "The Philosophical Roots of Betrayal"
09/24 Tools for Sustainability Planning: indicators, ecological footprint, other mechanisms 135-162: "Urban Sustainability Reporting", "Tools for Community Sustainability" Ecological footprint exercise: http://www.rprogress.org
Part 2: Planning for Sustainability at Different Scales
09/26 Regional Planning and Sustainability 163-202: "The New Regionalism: Key Characteristics of an Emerging Movement", Draft Compact for a Sustainable Bay Area (skim) Exercise 3: Preparing a Regional Vision (due Oct. 3)
10/01 Transportation Planning 203-238: The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry
10/03 Exercise 3 presentations: Preparing a Regional Vision  
10/05 9-1: Walking tour: Sustainability-related issues in Berkeley (Group 1)
10/08 Organizing a Regional Coalition (Guest speaker)    
10/10 New Urbanism and Smart Growth (Video: Smart Growth) 239-252, skim 253-273: "Charter of the New Urbanism", selections from The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream  
10/15 Municipal Planning and Sustainability 275-313: ch. 8, Planning for Sustainability  
10/17 Municipal Planning and Sustainability (Guest Speaker)    
10/20 9-1: Walking tour: Sustainability-related issues in Berkeley (Group 2)
10/22 Exercise 4: Alternative Economic Development Strategies 314-333: "Paying for Growth, Prosperity, and Development", "Community Economic Development"  
10/24 Materials, Energy, and Food "Waste Reduction and Recycling", "Energy Efficiency and Renewables"  
10/29 MIDTERM
10/31 Neighborhood Planning and Sustainability
Guest speaker: Allison Quaid from ICLEI 		335-381: ch. 9, Planning for Sustainability  
11/05 Exercise 5: Developing an Area Plan   Term Project Progress Report (due Nov. 5)
11/07 Ecological Site Design and Architecture (Guest Speaker) 385-431: "An Introduction to Village Homes", "Waste as a Resource"  
11/12 Ecological Architecture continued: discussion and review
Guest speaker: Patrick Kennedy of Panoramic Associates 		432-445: "Ecofriendly Home Building Trends", "Sustainability and Building Codes" Exercise 6: A Site Plan (due Nov. 12)
Part 3: International Sustainability Planning
11/14 International Institutions; Sustainability Planning in Europe 447-470: Selections from Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities  
11/19 Sustainability Planning in Developing Countries (Video: Sao Paolo) 471-495: "Urban Planning in Curitiba", "Collective Action Toward a Sustainable City"  
11/21 NO CLASS - Instructor away  
11/26 Exercise 7: Sustainability Planning for Afghanistan (1)   Case study materials  
11/28 Thanksgiving Holiday  
12/03   7: Sustainability Planning for Afghanistan (2)    
12/05   Discussion and Review: Where do we go from here?    
12/13 Final Exam period 5-8pm: Paper presentations/party

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Class Description
CCN: 13439
3 units
Final exam group 9 (Friday, Dec. 13, 5-8 p.m.)

Background:

What will our cities and urban landscapes look like in 50 years? In 100? How can we plan and develop communities that will meet long-term human and environmental needs? The concept of sustainable development provides a way for citizens, planners, and policymakers worldwide to explore such questions. Increasingly sustainability is becoming a goal of official city plans, and is also informing architecture, site planning, regional planning, and many other disciplines.

This course examines how teh concept of sustainable development applies to cities and urban regions, and gives students insight into a variety of contemporary urban planning issues through the sustainability lens. The course combines lectures, readings, student projects, and gues appearances by leading practitioners in the Bay Area sustainability efforts.

Planning for sustainability involves learning to analyze urban systems at a number of different scales and to coordinate goals of environment, economy, and equity (the "Three E's") within long-term problem-solving. Therefore this course aims 1) to familiarize students with the background and nature of the sustainability debate, 2) to give students experience at analyzing urban systems at the regional, municipal, neighborhood, and site scales, with particular attention to how planning values are expressed at each scale and how these systems can be made more sustainable over time, and 3) to provide students a context within which to develop their own philosophies and visions of sustainable urban planning, design, and development.

CP 119 is intended both to give non-planning students an introduction to urban planning and design issues through the sustainability perspective, and to give those with planning or design backgrounds an opportunity to explore and more fully develop their own sustainability-related professional agendas.

Grading Policy:

Class participation 10%
Exercises 30%
Midterm 30%
Term project 30%

Readings:

All readings are contained in the course reader (available the first week of classes at University Copy, on Channing Way just below Telegraph Ave.)

Also recommended but not required:
1. Timothy Beatley and Kristy Manning, The Ecology of Place: Planning for Environment, Economy, and Community. (Washington D.C.: Island Press. 1997)

2. Urban Ecology, Inc. Blueprint for a Sustainable Bay Area. (Oakland: Urban Ecology. 1996)

These two books will be on overnight reserve in Wurster Hall.

Requirements and Assignments:

The philosophy of this course is that most of us learn best by actively processing and interacting with material rather than simply listening to lectures. Therefore, coursework emphasizes class participation and the completion of a number of short exercises, many of which will be done in groups. In addition, there will be a midterm and a final project which will be the student's choice of either a 10-page paper or a 5-page paper plus graphic analyses or plans.

Students will be expected to incorporate reading and lecture material into assignments and projects.

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Resources

Useful Websites (printable version):

www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/ : A U.S. EPA resource on smart growth issues.
www.sprawlwatch.org: An excellent e-newsletter on sprawl issues in the U.S.
www.ewg.org: The Environmental Working Group, info on pollution, farm, toxics issues
www.cclr.org: California Center for Land Recycling, info on brownfields reuse
www.urbanecology.org: Urban Ecology; has an online sustainable cities toolkit
www.greenbelt.org: Greenbelt Alliance, a regional open space advocacy group
www.transcoalition.org: The Bay Area Transportation and Land Use Coalition
www.bayareaalliance.org: The Bay Area Alliance for Sustainable Development
www.bayareacouncil.org: The Bay Area Council, like a regional chamber of commerce
www.svmg.org: The Silicon Valley Manufacturers Group
www.transact.org: The Surface Transportation Policy Project, a national NGO
www.sustainable.org: Sustainable Communities Network, a national NGO with good links
www.friends.org: 1000 Friends of Oregon, one of the most effective NGO planning groups
www.nrdc.org: The Natural Resources Defense Council
www.policylink.org: Policylink, a nonprofit research group emphasizing equity issues
www.cnt.org: The Center for Neighborhood Technology, a Chicago-based group
www.cnu.org: The Congress for the New Urbanism
www.tnc.org: The Nature Conservancy
www.uli.org: The Urban Land Institute, an association primarily of developers
www.lgc.org: The Local Government Commission, an excellent source of info
www.smartgrowth.org: The Smart Growth Network, a national association
www.calfutures.org: The California Futures Network, a statewide advocacy coalition
www.nonprofithousing.org: The Northern California Nonprofit Housing Network
www.planning.org: The American Planning Association
www.adpsr.org: Architects, Designers, and Planners for Social Responsibility
www.greenbuilder.com: Green Building Network
www.icma.org: The International City Management Association
www.abag.ca.gov: The Association of Bay Area Governments, a key source for the region
www.abag.ca.gov/planning/smartgrowth/index.html: Bay Area Smart Growth website
www.mtc.ca.gov: The Metropolitan Transportation Commission, another key source
www.sandag.org: The San Diego Association of Governments, a regional agency
www.scag.ca.gov: The Southern California Association of Governments (LA area)
www.metro-region.org: The Portland, Oregon Metro agency
www.scn.org/sustainable: Sustainable Seattle Network
www.sustainable.doe.gov: U.S. Department of Energy’s Center of Excellence in SD; includes bibliographies and articles on sustainability issues
www.ulb.ac.be/ceese/meta/sustvl.html: A library of sustainability links
www.census.gov: The U.S. Census Bureau
www.sustainablemeasures.com: Website on sustainability indicators
www.rmi.org: Rocky Mountain Institute; esp. good on energy and resource use
www.aceee.org/energy/index.htm: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
www.mindspring.com/~bhamner/sbw-home.htm: A sustainable business site w/ good links.
www.vtpi.org/: Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Great info on transportation issues
www.cyburbia.ap.buffalo.edu/: Comprehensive planning website w/ links to SD
www.sustland.umn.edu/index.html: U. Minn. Sustainable Urban Landscape series
www.mnplan.state.mn.us/SDI/: State of Minnesota Sustainable Development Initiative
www.njfuture.org/HTMLSrc/SSR/index.html: New Jersey Sustainable State Report
www.ci.austin.tx.us/greenbuilder/: City of Austin, TX Green Builder Program
www.usgbc.org/: U.S. Green Building Council
www.unchs.org: United Nations Center on Human Settlements (hard to get)
www.undp.org: United Nations Development Program
www.iclei.org: International Council on Local Environmental Initiatives
www.iisd1.iisd.ca: International Institute for Sust. Dev. (Canadian; international links)
www.cities-expo.com/egpis/document.htm: European website w/ policy documents on SD
www.rri.org: Resource Renewal Institute; great international case studies
www.earthcharter.org: Group promoting a global charter as basis for sustainability work
www.bestpractices.org: A U.N.-affiliated database of international best practices in SD
www.un.org/esa/sustdev/iacsd.htm: United Nations Interagency Committee on SD
www.johannesburgsummit.org: Website for 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on SD
www.iclei.org/europe/la21/sustainable-cities.htm: European Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign

Recommended Readings (printable version):

Beginning around 1980, and especially in the 1990s, a huge literature emerged on sustainable development. The following are some of the most useful books on the subject. Most of the recent titles are available at local bookstores such as Cody’s and Builders Booksource..

Adams, W.M. 1990. Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World, New York: Routledge. A good history of the origins of the sustainability concept, going back to the 19th century, from a strongly international perspective. Sharply critical of the Brundtland outlook.

Beatley, Timothy. 1994. Habitat Conservation Planning. Austin: University of Texas Press. A good overview of this important tool, with many case studies.

Beatley, Timothy and Kristy Manning. 1997. The Ecology of Place: Planning for Environment, Economy, and Community. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. An excellent overview of sustainable city issues.

Beatley, Timothy. 2000. Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A survey of sustainability-related initiatives in Europe.

Benfield, F. Kaid, Matthew D. Raimi, and Donald D.T. Chen. 1999. Once There Were Greenfields. Washington, D.C.: Natural Resources Defense Council. A concise overview of issues connected with urban sprawl.

Benfield, F. Kaid, Jutka Terris, and Nancy Vorsanger. 2001. Solving Sprawl: Models of Smart Growth in Communities Across America. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council. An extensive series of case studies of “smart” development.

Blowers, Andrew, ed. 1993. Planning for a Sustainable Environment: A Report by the Town and County Planning Association. London: Earthscan. A thorough if dry consideration of urban planning aspects of sustainable development from a British point of view, with emphasis on environmental policy rather than design.

Braidotti, Rosi et al. 1994. Women, the Environment and Sustainable Development: Towards a Theoretical Synthesis. London: Zed Books. The contributors to this volume explore the increasing acknowledgement of the central role of women with Third World sustainability efforts.

Brown, Lester R. 1981. Building a Sustainable Society. New York: Norton. One of the earliest overviews of potential sustainability policies, by the founder of the Worldwatch Institute.

Brown, Lester R., Christopher Flavin, and Sandra Postel. 1991. Saving the Planet: How to Shape an Environmentally Sustainable Global Economy. New York: Norton. Worldwatch Institute authors present an outline of a sustainable economy for a popular audience.

Bullard, Robert D. 1990. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Boulder: Westview Press. An early classic of the environmental justice movement.

Bullard, Robert D., Glenn S. Johnson and Angel O. Torres. 2000. Sprawl City: Race, Politics, and Planning in Atlanta. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A good collection of essays about environmental justice issues in the Atlanta region.

Callenbach, Ernest. 1975. Ecotopia. New York: Bantam Books. The 1970s series of fictional Ecotopia books lays out a vision of a harmonious and sustainable society.

Calthorpe, Peter. 1993. The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community and the American Dream, New York: Princeton Architectural Press. An influential overview of urban form principles by one of the leaders of the New Urbanism.

Calthorpe, Peter and William Fulton. 2001. The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A manifesto for a new focus on regional physical planning.

Cervero, Robert. 1998. The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. An excellent international comparison of metropolitan transit and land use strategies potentially leading toward sustainability.

Condon, Patrick and Stacy Moriarty, eds. 1999. Second Nature: Adapting LA's Landscape for Sustainable Living. LA: Treepeople. A great series of case studies showing how typical urban sites in L.A. can be retrofitted to improve sustainability.

Corbett, Judy and Michael Corbett. 2000. Designing Sustainable Communities: Learning from Village Homes. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A readable consideration of urban design and site planning for sustainability, based on their experience developing Village Homes near Davis CA.

Costanza, Robert, ed. 1991. Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press. A leading collection of writings on ecological economics.

Daly, Herman and John B. Cobb, Jr. 1989. For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future. Boston: Beacon Press. An extended discussion of the philosophy and economics behind sustainability.

Downs, Anthony. 1994. New Visions for Metropolitan America. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. A thoughtful overview of policy options for dealing with metropolitan growth and inequities.

Duany, Andres et al. 2000. Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. New York: North Point. An eloquent and at times a bit arrogant critique of urban form by a main proponent of the New Urbanism.

Elkin, Tim et al. 1991. Reviving the City: Towards Sustainable Urban Development. London: Friends of the Earth. A good overview of sustainable urban development issues, with most emphasis on energy and pollution, and relatively little on land use.

Engwicht, David. 1993. Reclaiming Our Cities & Towns: Better Living with Less Traffic. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers. A stirring manifesto against automobiles.

Evans, Peter, ed. 2002. Livable Cities?: Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability. Berkeley: University of California Press. An excellent collection of readings on Third World local environmental movements, emphasizing sustainability planning.

Girardet, Herbert. 1999. Creating Sustainable Cities. Devon UK: Green Books. A short, succinct discussion of sustainablity issues from an international perspective.

Global Cities Project. 1991. Building Sustainable Communities: An Environmental Guide for Local Government. San Francisco: The Center for the Study of Law and Politics. A good series of handbooks providing detailed suggestions for local government action.

Goldsmith, Edward. 1993. The Way: An Ecological World View. Boston: Shambhala. A sophisticated exploration of paradigm change and globalization by the founder of The Ecologist magazine.

Greenbelt Alliance. 1989. Reviving the Sustainable Metropolis: Guiding Bay Area Conservation and Development into the 21st Century. San Francisco. The first Bay Area report calling for sustainability planning.

Hamm, Bernd and Pandurang K. Muttagi, eds. 1998. Sustainable Development and the Future of Cities. London: Centre for European Studies. An edited collection of articles focusing on international perspectives and social issues.

Hardoy, Jorge E. et al. 1992. Environmental Problems in Third World Cities. London: EarthScan. Includes a large chapter on "Sustainable Development and Cities" focusing on environmental and infrastructure problems in Third World urban areas.

Harris, Jonathan M., Timothy A. Wise, Kevin P. Gallagher, and Neva R. Goodwin. 2001. A Survey of Sustainable Development: Social and Economic Dimensions. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Paraphrased articles from a wide variety of writers, focusing mainly on environmental policy, economics, and international issues. A rather frustrating approach for those interested in the original works.

Hart, Maureen. 1995. Guide to Sustainable Community Indicators. Ipswich MA: QLF/Atlantic Center for the Environment. A summary and analysis of more than 400 indicators in use or proposed by a number of communities.

Hawken, Paul. 1993. The Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability. New York: HarperCollins. A visionary call to reform economics in such a way that it restores rather than trashes the environment.

Holmberg, Johan, ed. 1992. Making Development Sustainable: Redefining Institutions, Policy, and Economics. Washington D.C.: Island Press. A very useful reader on sustainability from an international perspective.

Kelbaugh, Douglas. 1997. Common Place: Toward Neighborhood and Regional Design. Seattle: University of Washington Press. An excellent analysis of how regionally oriented urban design strategies can meet sustainability needs.

Kunstler, James Howard. 1993. The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape. New York: Simon & Schuster. A biting critique of the American built landscape, with a few suggestions for improvement relying on New Urbanist ideas.

Layard, Antionia, Simin Davoidi, and Susan Batty, eds. 2001. Planning for a Sustainable Future. New York: Spon. A rather dry collection of essays by British academics, providing useful background on European environmental planning.

Lyle, John Tillman. 1994. Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons. A lengthy and somewhat dense consideration of ecological principles underlying sustainable design and resource use, with a number of useful examples.

Mazmanian, Daniel A. and Michael E. Kraft, eds. 1999. Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformations in Environmental Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press. Excellent articles treating the sustainable communities as a third main wave of post-1960s environmental planning.

McHarg, Ian L. and Frederick Steiner. 1998. To Heal the Earth: Selected Writings of Ian L. McHarg. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A nice collection of writings by this seminal thinker in landscape design.

Meadows, Donella et al. 1992. Beyond the Limits: Confronting Global Collapse, Envisioning a Sustainable Future. Post Mills, VT: Chelsea Green. An updated analysis of global environmental systems by the authors of the original Limits to Growth.

Merchant, Carolyn. 1992. Radical Ecology. New York: Routledge. A very readable overview of different philosophical viewpoints within the environmental movement.

Mitlin, Diana. 1992. Sustainable Development: A Guide to the Literature. Environment and Urbanization 4(1):111-124. Perhaps the best review of sustainability debates from an international perspective.

Newman, Peter and Jeffrey Kenworthy. 1999. Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Focuses mainly on transportation issues.

Norgaard, Richard. 1994. Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future. New York: Routledge. A thoughtful and learned reevaluation of the modernist development paradigm that has led to the world’s sustainability problems.

O'Connor, Martin, ed. 1994. Is Capitalism Sustainable? Political Economy and the Politics of Ecology. New York: The Guilford Press. Offers a spirited "ecoMarxist" critique of development, sustainable and otherwise.

Pearce, David et al. 1990. Sustainable Development: Economics and Environment in the Third World. London: Edward Elgar. A useful theoretical discussion of the economics of sustainability with Third World examples.

Pearce, David, Edward Barbier and Anil Markandya. 1989. Blueprint for a Green Economy, London: Earthscan. First of a series of Blueprint books by British academics providing excellent popular explanations of eco-economic issues.

Pearce, David and Jeremy J. Warford. 1993. World Without End: Economics, Environment and Sustainable Development. New York: Oxford University Press. An in-depth text on "environmental economics" published for The World Bank.

Peck, Sheila. 1998. Planning for Biodiversity: Issues and Examples. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A good overview of biodiversity planning.

Pratt, Rutherford H., Rowan A. Rountree, and Pamela C. Muick. 1994. The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. A good collection of articles on ecological restoration and urban ecosystems.

Redclift, Michael. 1987. Sustainable Development: Exploring the Contradictions. London: Methuen. A rigorous look at the sustainability concept from an international perspective reviews the strengths and weaknesses of deep ecology, Marxist, and environmental economics approaches.

Register, Richard. 1987. Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. A visionary look at ecocity principles and how the city of Berkeley might be reshaped over a 100+ year timeframe through "ecocity zoning."

Register, Richard. 2002. Ecocities: Building Cities in Balance with Nature. Berkeley: Berkeley Hills Books. A visionary, organic synthesis of ecocity principles with emphasis on radically reshaping the physical form of cities over time.

Riley, Ann L. 1998. Restoring Streams in Cities. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. A wonderful and thorough resource on creek restoration, by one of the movement's pioneers.

Roseland, Mark. 1998. Toward Sustainable Communities: Resources for Citizens and their Governments. Stony Creek, CT: New Society Publishers. A good compendium of local sustainability strategies, with a lot of reference materials and addresses of local groups.

Satterthwaite, David, ed. 1999. The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities. London: Earthscan. An excellent collection of articles with a focus on international and Third World issues.

Spirn, Ann Whiston. 1984. The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. New York: Basic Books. An early classic detailing the relation between cities and the natural landscape.

Stivers, Robert L. 1976. The Sustainable Society: Ethics and Economic Growth. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. The first book specifically focusing on sustainability, emphasizing the ethical issues surrounding development.

Stren, Richard et al., eds. 1992. Sustainable Cities: Urbanization and the Environment in International Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press. One of the best considerations of how sustainability applies to cities internationally.

Thompson, J. William and Kim Sorvig. 2000. Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Building Outdoors. A hands-on guide for practitioners.

Todd, Nancy Jack and John Todd. 1993. From Eco-Cities to Living Machines. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. Principles and small-scale applications of ecological design.

Urban Ecology, Inc. 1996. Blueprint for a Sustainable Bay Area. Oakland. A popularly oriented overview of sustainability issues for the Bay Area that has received numerous awards.

Van der Ryn, Sim and Peter Calthorpe, eds. 1984. Sustainable Communities. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. An early collection of articles focusing on urban design visions such as for the proposed Marin Solar Village and the Bateson State Office Building.

Van der Ryn, Sim and Stuart Cowan. 1996. Ecological Design. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. The authors discuss five principles of ecological design emphasizing use of natural patterns.

World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. New York: Oxford University Press. The report of the Brundtland commission that put sustainability into international mainstream discussion.


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