ࡱ> Root Entry F" 1TableD WordDocument%>SummaryInformation(  I!4#$ &'()*+,56;JKLMNOPQRSTUV:  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCxEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw|yz{}~DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjX0Table cument Map-D OJQJ::   &8ABa  h!A!u!u!u!u!u!u !u!Dg(!u!`{ !!Ba87KUnknownW&MFSZ%'/_g18Y`kohlW&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1462W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3846W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 894W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3382W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1662W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1662W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:Peterson@``%``5Bz Y`  @!6! 7!@!2!43!\3!3!B4!N4 7!7!7tion to relating that Antigonus was torn to pieces by a large mammal, may also remind one that Antigonus had a burden with him at the time he was torn to pieces. His dying in the process of delivering a child is strengthened by "the noble combat that twixt joy and sorrow was fought in Paulina" (74-75), similar to the contradiction between the joy a new father may feel, and the sorrow at losing his wife in childbirth. When describing Perdita, the third gentleman says, somewhat paradoxically, that she is clearly the child of the king and Hermione because she appears noble "above her breeding" (38). Although Shakespeare most frequently used "breeding" for "upbringing" or "education", the reproductive meaning was also available ("The spring is near when green geese are a-breeding" Love's Labor's Lost I.i). With the many allusions to childbirth in this scene, this may help to emphasize the contrast between Perdita's breeding (upbringing), and her parentage. This is the contrast Florizel notes in 4.4 when he says "She's as forward of her breeding as she is i' the rear of our birth" (584). This idea of the contrast between ones current station and ones birth is continued in the "gentleman born" sequence. The shepherd and the clown, born poor, are made noble. This is the opposite of Perdita's noble birth and humble upbringing. The idea of birth is played with. If Perdita has been symbolically born within the past four hours, when the fardel was opened and she was known for who she is, why can the clown not also be "now a gentleman born"? (135) Perhaps even the clown's "daughters will be all gentlemen born" (129). There is also a good deal of wordplay on relations. If the clown "was a gentleman born before [his] father" and "the King's son took [him] by the hand and called [him] brother" (140-142), then was the clown a gentleman born before the king? The play ends with Paulina being asked to lead the group away. With Leontes' "Bear the boy hence" in 2.1 line 60, Antigonus bearing Perdita to Bohemia, and the other echos of "bear", whether in sound or meaning, increase the coherence of the play. !8 : @ 0@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times;Helvetica5 Geneva"qh'Uf߃Uf̓Ufh Dh D$>0dB$Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh MyW&MFW&MF>0dB$Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh MyW&MFW&MF>0dFB$Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh MyW&MFW&MF [8`8NormalCJOJPJQJmH H@H Heading 1$<@&5CJKHOJQJ<A@<Default Paragraph Font8Y@8 Document Map-D OJQJC>>    CZ&8ABP DJE!A!u!u!u!j%!9 !!?V0!:P!?V0!*!{5!O BP DJE=7KUnknownW&MFSZ NV '#$EZ^W[EW&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 894W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3382W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1662W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1662W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 310W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:Peterson@BC%BB5d<BPaz Y`OSBC @!6!6!6! 7!@!2!43!\3!3!B4!N4 7!7!7!8!:!.;!l;!r;!;!; : @!x< B!@ 0@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times;Helvetica5 Geneva"qh'UfUf̓UfP_hZ$Root Entry FcN 81TableD WordDocument<>SummaryInformation(  I !45679;=CDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUV:DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjX0Table   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCxEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyz{>0dB$Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh MyW&MFW&MF@b?@|Xh [8`8NormalCJOJPJQJmH H@H Heading 1$<@&5CJKHOJQJ<A@<Default Paragraph Font8Y@8 Document Map-D OJQJC>>  n Cx&8ABP DJE!A!u!u!u!u!u!u !u!Dg( !u!`{ !!BP DJE=7KUnknownW&MFSZ NV '#$EZ^W[EW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3846W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 894W&MF2Macinto FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 ՜.+,D՜.+,X hp  ' UC Berkeley_Fb %Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh My Title 6> _PID_GUID'AN{CEF24A80-49F8-11D5-A41C-0050E4969572} Oh+'0  8 D P \hpx'%Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh Myft regW&MFanc&MFNormalcW&MFlc21FMicrosoft Word 8.0 @@~-^U@b?@|XP [8`8NormalCJOJPJQJmH H@H Heading 1$<@&5CJKHOJQJ<A@<Default Paragraph Font8Y@8 Document Map-D OJQJC>>  n Cx&8ABP DJE!A!us DKjbjb >kkC]((((((HHHH T h \,t h J(((l ((<,h,((((((` (hH.Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh My! Kevin D. Peterson 12833692 Has Polixenes "stayed to tired your royalty" (1.2 14-15)? No, Leontes can bear it. In 2.1, Hermione says of Mamilllius "Take the boy to you. He so troubles me, 'tis past enduring" (1-2). Later the same scene, Leontes cannot bear his son so he commands, "bear the boy hence", and immediately makes reference to Hermione currently carrying a child. The idea of "bare", as naked, barefaced, or bald, does not occur frequently. In 4.4, Autolycus enters with his burden of trinkets for sale and sings "what maids lack from head to heel" (227), then later advertises "toys for your head" (319). The stage directions indicate Autolycus removing a false beard about line 717, just before he becomes a "courtier cap-a-pie" (739). If someone lacked a hat, could he be a courtier? In 4.4, Polixenes and Camillo come to the sheep shearing, a festival revolving around making sheep bare. They are disguised in some way, and remove their disguises as Polixenes says to Florizel, "Whom son I dare not call" (420). Camillo then pays Autolycus to remove his clothes so that Florizel will not be recognized. After changing clothes Florizel says "Should I now meet my father, he would not call me son." (660-661), though for not recognizing him in the clothes he is bearing, not because Polixenes cannot bear his son's behavior. In response, Camillo says, "Nay, you shall have no hat", probably suggesting that for him to appear truly poor, his head must be bare. Later, in 5.2, the clown and the shepherd will go from poor to noble by putting on noble clothes. In the first part of 5.2, connection between pregnancy and carrying a package is further enhanced. Autolycus first asks, "were you present at this relation?" (line 2) suggesting the idea of family and therefore related to children and childbirth. The event in question is "the opening of the fardel", (3) and the shepherd telling that "he found the child" (8). The connection between opening up a package and finding a child is clear enough that, although one may not consciously notice it when hearing the play, it would not take much additional prodding to bring it to mind. Autolycus urges them on, saying he "would most gladly know the issue of it" (9). The gentleman confesses that he has made a "broken delivery" (10) of the issue, and hands off the story to another gentleman who relates that "Such a deal of wonder is broken out within this hour that ballad makers cannot be able to express it" (25-27). Enter then another gentleman who "can deliver you more" (28-29). This third gentleman says the news the king found his heir is "Most true, if ever truth were pregnant by circumstance" (31-32). The gentleman describes the king as "being ready to leap out of himself for joy" (50-51): again, the idea of someone emerging from something or someone. Antigonus' role in these events is described as he who "carried hence the child" (61), which suggests a mother carrying a child in pregnancy. Antigonus "was torn to pieces with a bear" (64), which in addi& ;JK\48 B*OJQJOJQJ6>*&8ABEJ 4LRK7$$ &8ABEJ 4LRK / =!"#$%|HH(FG(HH(d'`one currently carrying a child. In the next scene, Emilia says that Hermione is able to bear jail "as well as one so great and so forlorn may hold together", and immediately mentions that the child has been born. (2.2 22-25)./ =!"#$%|HH(FG(HH(d'`Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale is full of the ideas of bearing In 2.3, Leontes commands Antigonus to bear the child away to some place where chance may decide its fate (182-183)sh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3382W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1662W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1662W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 310W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:Peterson@%S5<BPaz Y`OSBC @!6!6!6! 7!@!2!43!\3!3!B4!N4 7!7!7!8!:!.;!l;!r;!;!; : @!x< B!@ 0@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times;Helvetica5 Geneva"qh'UfUf̓Ufh Dh D$ [8`8NormalCJOJPJQJmH H@H Heading 1$<@&5CJKHOJQJ<A@<Default Paragraph Font8Y@8 Do FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 ՜.+,D՜.+,X hp  ' UC BerkeleyD b %Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh My Title 6> _PID_GUID'AN{CEF24A80-49F8-11D5-A41C-0050E4969572} Oh+'0  8 D P \hpx'%Pregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh Myft regW&MFanc&MFNormalcW&MFlc20FMicrosoft Word 8.0 @@~-^U, the sound similarity adding to the situational similarity. Or, perhaps, could even be misheard as "torn to pieces with a bairn"./ =!"#$%|HH(FG(HH(d'`s 4Kjbjb >kkC]((((((l  @ \88888888fhhhhhh,1 % A(88888l((88 lll8(8(8f<T((((8fllf((f  (@>.fu!u!u!u !u!Dg(!u!`{ !!B_ \4KKUnknownW&MFFO#%-]e/6W^imfjW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3230W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3230W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3230W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 1462W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3846W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:PetersonW&MF1Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 894W&MF2Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:Word Work File A 3382W&MF%Macintosh HD:Client s Folder:Peterson@BB%$BB5p}QW^   @!2!43!\3!3!B4!N4 : @ 0@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times;Helvetica5 Geneva"qh'UfڃUf̓Uf~ A~ A$>0dAAPregnancy, Fardels, and Bears, Oh My! Kevin D. Peterson 12833692 Has Polixenes "stayed to tired your royalty" (1.2 14-15)? No, Leontes can bear it. In 2.1, Hermione says of Mamilllius "Take the boy to you. He so troubles me, 'tis past enduring" (1-2). Later the same scene, Leontes cannot bear his son so he commands, "bear the boy hence", and immediately makes reference to Hermione currently carrying a child. The idea of "bare", as naked, barefaced, or bald, does not occur frequently. In 4.4, Autolycus enters with his burden of trinkets for sale and sings "what maids lack from head to heel" (227), then later advertises "toys for your head" (319). The stage directions indicate Autolycus removing a false beard about line 717, just before he becomes a "courtier cap-a-pie" (739). If someone lacked a hat, could he be a courtier? In 4.4, Polixenes and Camillo come to the sheep shearing, a festival revolving around making sheep bare. They are disguised in some way, and remove their disguises as Polixenes says to Florizel, "Whom son I dare not call" (420). Camillo then pays Autolycus to remove his clothes so that Florizel will not be recognized. After changing clothes Florizel says "Should I now meet my father, he would not call me son." (660-661), though for not recognizing him in the clothes he is bearing, not because Polixenes cannot bear his son's behavior. In response, Camillo says, "Nay, you shall have no hat", probably suggesting that for him to appear truly poor, his head must be bare. Later, in 5.2, the clown and the shepherd will go from poor to noble by putting on noble clothes. In the first part of 5.2, connection between pregnancy and carrying a package is further enhanced. Autolycus first asks, "were you present at this relation?" (line 2) suggesting the idea of family and therefore related to children and childbirth. The event in question is "the opening of the fardel", (3) and the shepherd telling that "he found the child" (8). The connection between opening up a package and finding a child is clear enough that, although one may not consciously notice it when hearing the play, it would not take much additional prodding to bring it to mind. Autolycus urges them on, saying he "would most gladly know the issue of it" (9). The gentleman confesses that he has made a "broken delivery" (10) of the issue, and hands off the story to another gentleman who relates that "Such a deal of wonder is broken out within this hour that ballad makers cannot be able to express it" (25-27). Enter then another gentleman who "can deliver you more" (28-29). This third gentleman says the news the king found his heir is "Most true, if ever truth were pregnant by circumstance" (31-32). The gentleman describes the king as "being ready to leap out of himself for joy" (50-51): again, the idea of someone emerging from something or someone. Antigonus' role in these events is described as he who "carried hence the child" (61), which suggests a mother carrying a child in pregnancy. Antigonus "was torn to pieces with a bear" (64), which in addi& ;JK\48= B*OJQJOJQJ6>*&8ABEJ 4LRK7$$ &8ABEJ 4LRK / =!"#$%|HH(FG(HH(d'`one currently carrying a child. In the next scene, Emilia says that Hermione is able to bear jail "as well as one so great and so forlorn may hold together", and immediately mentions that the child has been born. (2.2 22-25)./ =!"#$%|HH(FG(HH(d'`Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale is full of the ideas of bearing In 2.3, Leontes commands Antigonus to bear the child away to some place where chance may decide its fate (182-183), introducing the idea of a child as a bundle or something one carries around. / =!"#$%|HH(FG(HH(d'`Antigonus leaves both the baby and a fardel in Bohemia, and worries whether the babe can bear the weather (3.3 46-49). The Shepherd calls the child a "bairn" (69) when he finds it