LOOKING INTO THE UC BUDGET -- Report #3 (e-mail version) by Charles Schwartz, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720. 510-642-4427 February 7, 1993 SUMMARY This report extends the previous study of the University of California's administrative bureaucracy (Report #2) by presenting individual data for each of the nine UC campuses, showing the historical inflation of administrative budgets and their current high levels of expenditure. For each of the campuses one can see evidence of substantial administrative bloat; but there are large variations in the magnitude of this problem from one campus to another. The three oldest and most esteemed UC campuses - those at Berkeley, Los Angeles and San Francisco - show the greatest excess in growth of the administration compared to that of the instructional part of the campus budget. And these same campuses also show the highest current rate of expenditure for administration. UCLA leads the pack with 1991-92 expenditures for administration of $98,093,000 ; while the systemwide Office of the President comes in second with $79,564,000; and Berkeley comes in third with $74,063,000. The large amount of data is presented in a variety of numerical and graphical forms, both following and expanding upon the format of the previous study. The conclusion is that UC is faced with not just one but a tenfold complex of Augean stables that need to be cleaned out. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Report #1 in this series (December 10, 1992; 2 pages) dealt with a single administrative unit: the Office of the General Counsel of the Regents, which consists of 37 attorneys, plus staff, and spent $9,174,000 in fiscal year 1991-92. Over the past 15 years, this office has grown two to three times more than the clientele it is presumed to serve. In addition, 7 out of the 12 campuses and major laboratories run by UC now have their own legal officer(s) as Assistant Chancellors, etc., while there was only one such officer 15 years ago. This indicates a severe case of bureaucratic bloat that ought to be questioned. Report #2 (January 4, 1993; 8 pages) covered the entire upper-level administration of the University. Comparative growth in budgeted positions (FTE) was analyzed over the last 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years; and it was estimated that perhaps half of the present size of UC's administration is excess bureaucratic bloat that has grown unchallenged for decades and now wastes large amounts of scarce funding that is needed for the university's primary academic functions. The total expenditure for this administration in 1991-92 amounted to $523,508,000. The recommendation was that outside management experts be brought in to study and identify precisely where UC's administration should be trimmed. Report #2a (January 19, 1993; 6 pages) studied the University's first response to Report #2. It was shown that 94% of the money expended on administration in UC came from funds which are entirely under the control of the Regents and allocated at their discretion, thus demolishing the one excuse offered by President Peltason for not taking the conclusions and recommendation of the previous report seriously. Charles Schwartz, Professor Emeritus ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE NEW DATA The last ten pages of this Report present the detailed data for each of the nine UC campuses, plus the systemwide administration, in exactly the same way as used in Report #2 for the university as a whole. (The reader should refer back to that document for definitions, references and general analysis of this data.) Pages 5 and 6 of this Report present the most salient information in a more compact manner that allows easy comparison among the campuses. The first five bar graphs show the percentage growth in just two UC budget categories - Administration and Instruction - for each of the time periods - the past 5 years, the past 10 years, 15 years, 20 years, 25 years - and for each of the nine campuses - UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Irvine, UC Los Angeles, UC Riverside, UC San Diego, UC San Francisco, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Santa Cruz. In these graphs, I have combined the data for the two budget categories, "General Administration" and "Institutional Support", which are the two components of what I call simply "Administration." Remember that this definition of "Administration" covers only the top level of bureaucracy on each campus: the Chancellor's office and the campus- wide administrative offices directly controlled by the various Vice Chancellors. This does not include administrative services at the level of academic departments or research units; those are counted in the "Instruction" or "Research" budget categories. Nor does this definition of "Administration" include the many other campus support services which are budgeted under the separate headings of Academic Support, Libraries, Operation and Maintenance of Plant, Student Services, Auxiliary Enterprises, and Student Financial Aid. In looking at these five bar graphs note that the vertical axis, showing percentage growth, has a different numerical scale for each time period. This is due to the cumulative nature of the growth statistics that we are examining. Over the past five years (as shown in the first graph) the average growths are about 20%; over the past ten years, about 40%; over the past fifteen years, about 60%; over the past twenty years, about 100%; and over the past twenty- five years, the average growths have amounted to about 150%. The last bar graph on page 6 presents the total administrative expenditures for 1991-92, in millions of dollars, for each of the nine campuses. As in Report #2, these numbers come from the accounting document "Campus Financial Schedules"; and the figures given are the sum of Total Current Funds Expenditures for "Institutional Support" plus "Academic Administration" (Deans' Offices.) DISCUSSION of the CAMPUS DATA What we see in these graphs is a lot of growth in Administration at each campus as well as a lot of variation in the magnitude of this growth from one campus to another and from one time period to another. Remember, as discussed in Report #2, that the critical question to ask is not, Why does the Administrative portion of the budget grow faster than the Instructional portion? but rather, Why does the Administrative budget grow at all ? Nevertheless, the large excesses in growth of Administration over Instruction are the most striking features of these graphs. The three UC campuses at Berkeley, Los Angeles and San Francisco are the most mature and the most famous in terms of academic reputations; and these three show the most extreme cases of large administrative growth with little growth in their student populations and total Instructional staffs. Over the past 25 years, Berkeley's combined Administrative staff has grown by 124% while its student enrollment has grown by only 17% and its Instructional staff has actually declined a tiny bit. Over this 25 years UCLA's combined Administrative staff has increased by 132%, while its student enrollment has increased by 37% and its Instructional staff has increased by 35%. At UCSF (which is only a medical school without an undergraduate curriculum) the 25 year record shows a growth in combined administrative staff of 267%, with student growth of 64% and Instructional staff growth of 58%. These three campuses (UCB, UCLA, UCSF) are the most topheavy with administrative bureaucracy. They show excesses of growth in Administratiion over Instruction that amounts to 124%, 97%, and 209% respectively; and these three campuses also show the largest current expenditures for Administration: $74,063,000, $98,093,000, and $56,007,000, respectively. In terms of sheer size, UCLA has the largest administration, with a budgeted staff of 1524 and expenditures of $98 million in 1991-92. The second largest is not a campus but the systemwide offices under the UC president: Administrative staff budgeted at 1303 and expenditures of $80 million for the last fiscal year. [ I note with chagrin that President Jack W. Peltason has recently appointed UCLA Chancellor Charles E. Young to head a new task force charged with improving the efficiency of UC's management system. Young is the most senior of all the UC Chancellors, having presided over UCLA for nearly the entire twenty-five year history covered by this study.] The other six UC campuses show a variety of histories of administrative growth, which I leave to others to examine and interpret in detail. Note that three of them - Irvine, San Diego, and Santa Cruz - started full undergraduate programs only in the mid-1960s and expanded very rapidly in the latter part of that decade; therefore, I have not included them in the graphical data displays for the 25-year period. The Conclusion, as in Report #2, is that an immense bureaucratic overgrowth permeates the entire University of California and it will be a Herculean job to clean out the waste that has accumulated. The continuing budget crisis facing UC ought to provide sufficient motivation for conscientious people within the university to undertake this challenging task. {six bar graphs not reproduced in this e-mail version} U C BERKELEY STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 9370 3712 602 648 2997 28727 1986-87 9108 3657 536 621 2960 29012 1981-82 8372 3515 487 652 2846 27009 1976-77 7794 3379 380 483 2756 27200 1971-72 7546 3346 316 435 2679 25512 1966-67 7305 3728 302 257 2803 24599 GROWTH IN UCB STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students -1% Academics * 1% Instr.Staff * 2% Total Staff ** 3% Gen.Admin. ****** 12% Inst.Supp. ** 4% Increase over the last 10 years Students *** 6% Academics *** 5% Instr.Staff *** 6% Total Staff ****** 12% Gen.Admin. ************ 24% Inst.Supp. -1% Increase over the last 15 years Students *** 6% Academics ***** 9% Instr.Staff ***** 10% Total Staff ********** 20% Gen.Admin. ***************************** 58% Inst.Supp. ***************** 34% Increase over the last 20 years Students ******* 13% Academics ****** 12% Instr.Staff ****** 11% Total Staff ************ 24% Gen.Admin. ********************************************** 91% Inst.Supp. ************************* 49% Increase over the last 25 years Students ********* 17% Academics **** 7% Instr.Staff 0% Total Staff ************** 28% Gen.Admin. ************************************************** 99% Inst.Supp. **********************:::***************************** 152% UCB Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $802,739,000 ADMINISTRATION = $74,063,000 INSTRUCTION = $240,112,000 U C DAVIS STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 11876 3242 343 700 2802 22403 1986-87 9660 2786 294 571 2451 19096 1981-82 8836 2555 271 482 2277 18685 1976-77 8095 2271 240 430 2089 16783 1971-72 4385 1655 204 309 1470 13438 1966-67 3447 1903 167 180 1129 8737 GROWTH IN UCD STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students ********* 17% Academics ******* 14% Instr.Staff ******** 16% Total Staff ************ 23% Gen.Admin. ********* 17% Inst.Supp. ************ 23% Increase over the last 10 years Students ********** 20% Academics ************ 23% Instr.Staff ************** 27% Total Staff ***************** 34% Gen.Admin. ************** 27% Inst.Supp. *********************** 45% Increase over the last 15 years Students ***************** 33% Academics ***************** 34% Instr.Staff ********************** 43% Total Staff ************************ 47% Gen.Admin. ********************** 43% Inst.Supp. ******************************** 63% Increase over the last 20 years Students ********************************** 67% Academics ********************************************** 91% Instr.Staff ************************************************ 96% Total Staff ********************************:::********************** 171% Gen.Admin. ********************************** 68% Inst.Supp. ********************************:::********************** 127% Increase over the last 25 years Students ********************************:::********************** 156% Academics ********************************:::********************** 148% Instr.Staff *********************************** 70% Total Staff ********************************:::********************** 245% Gen.Admin. ***************************************************** 105% Inst.Supp. ********************************:::********************** 289% UCD Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $945,439,000 ADMINISTRATION = $50,231,000 INSTRUCTION = $211,661,000 U C IRVINE STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 6444 2189 282 225 1404 16287 1986-87 6049 1884 260 255 1157 13766 1981-82 5560 1642 222 188 915 10441 1976-77 4968 1445 194 153 808 9064 1971-72 1789 917 171 99 623 6519 1966-67 1031 604 114 46 399 2848 GROWTH IN UCI STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students ********* 18% Academics *********** 21% Instr.Staff ******** 16% Total Staff **** 7% Gen.Admin. **** 8% Inst.Supp. -12% Increase over the last 10 years Students **************************** 56% Academics *************************** 53% Instr.Staff ***************** 33% Total Staff ******** 16% Gen.Admin. ************** 27% Inst.Supp. ********** 20% Increase over the last 15 years Students **************************************** 80% Academics ************************************* 74% Instr.Staff ************************** 51% Total Staff *************** 30% Gen.Admin. *********************** 45% Inst.Supp. ************************ 47% Increase over the last 20 years Students ********************************:::********************* 150% Academics ********************************:::********************* 125% Instr.Staff ********************************:::********************* 139% Total Staff ********************************:::********************* 260% Gen.Admin. ********************************* 65% Inst.Supp. ********************************:::********************* 127% (UC Irvine graduated its first class in 1966.) UCI Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $600,096,000 ADMINISTRATION = $44,242,000 INSTRUCTION = $170,284,000 U C LOS ANGELES STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 14757 4688 662 862 3249 32617 1986-87 13697 4529 584 708 3180 30525 1981-82 13029 4202 551 504 3032 30525 1976-77 12337 4045 449 502 2920 28608 1971-72 10596 3799 381 485 2553 24424 1966-67 8415 3469 330 328 2440 23820 GROWTH IN UCLA STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students **** 7% Academics * 2% Instr.Staff ** 4% Total Staff **** 8% Gen.Admin. ******* 13% Inst.Supp. *********** 22% Increase over the last 10 years Students **** 7% Academics **** 7% Instr.Staff ****** 12% Total Staff ******* 13% Gen.Admin. ********** 20% Inst.Supp. ************************************ 71% Increase over the last 15 years Students ******* 14% Academics ****** 11% Instr.Staff ******** 16% Total Staff ********** 20% Gen.Admin. ************************ 47% Inst.Supp. ************************************ 72% Increase over the last 20 years Students ***************** 34% Academics ************** 27% Instr.Staff ************ 23% Total Staff ******************** 39% Gen.Admin. ************************************* 74% Inst.Supp. *************************************** 78% Increase over the last 25 years Students ******************* 37% Academics ***************** 33% Instr.Staff ****************** 35% Total Staff ************************************** 75% Gen.Admin. *************************************************** 101% Inst.Supp. ******************************:::********************** 163% UCLA Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $1,581,815,000 ADMINISTRATION = $98,093,000 INSTRUCTION = $425,791,000 U C RIVERSIDE STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 2558 988 176 182 811 8425 1986-87 2168 726 153 152 609 5348 1981-82 2135 695 125 164 595 4424 1976-77 1978 632 116 124 585 4733 1971-72 2008 667 105 145 634 5394 1966-67 1579 836 93 60 523 3475 GROWTH IN UCR STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students ***************************** 58% Academics ***************** 33% Instr.Staff ****************** 36% Total Staff ********* 18% Gen.Admin. ******** 15% Inst.Supp. ********** 20% Increase over the last 10 years Students ********************************************* 90% Academics ****************** 36% Instr.Staff ********************* 42% Total Staff ********** 20% Gen.Admin. ********************* 41% Inst.Supp. ****** 11% Increase over the last 15 years Students *************************************** 78% Academics ******************** 39% Instr.Staff **************************** 56% Total Staff *************** 29% Gen.Admin. ************************** 52% Inst.Supp. ************************ 47% Increase over the last 20 years Students **************************** 56% Academics ************** 28% Instr.Staff ************************ 48% Total Staff ************** 27% Gen.Admin. ********************************** 68% Inst.Supp. ************* 26% Increase over the last 25 years Students ********************************:::******************** 142% Academics **************************** 55% Instr.Staff ********* 18% Total Staff ******************************* 62% Gen.Admin. ********************************************* 89% Inst.Supp. *********************************:::******************* 203% UCR Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $191,614,000 ADMINISTRATION = $20,100,000 INSTRUCTION = $64,128,000 U C SAN DIEGO STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 8365 2076 477 456 1880 17181 1986-87 7266 1890 377 338 1645 15080 1981-82 6450 1594 297 336 1352 11892 1976-77 5206 1252 257 400 1158 9725 1971-72 4348 888 208 278 843 5872 1966-67 2281 460 165 124 385 2148 GROWTH IN UCSD STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students ******* 14% Academics ******* 14% Instr.Staff ***** 10% Total Staff ******** 15% Gen.Admin. ************** 27% Inst.Supp. ****************** 35% Increase over the last 10 years Students ********************** 44% Academics ******************** 39% Instr.Staff *************** 30% Total Staff *************** 30% Gen.Admin. ******************************* 61% Inst.Supp. ****************** 36% Increase over the last 15 years Students *************************************** 77% Academics ******************************* 62% Instr.Staff ********************************* 66% Total Staff ******************************* 61% Gen.Admin. ******************************************* 86% Inst.Supp. ******* 14% Increase over the last 20 years Students ***********************************:::***************** 193% Academics ***********************************:::***************** 123% Instr.Staff ***********************************:::***************** 134% Total Staff ********************************************** 92% Gen.Admin. ***********************************:::***************** 129% Inst.Supp. ******************************** 64% (UC San Diego began a general undergraduate program in 1966.) UCSD Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $886,462,000 ADMINISTRATION = $52,332,000 INSTRUCTION = $182,611,000 U C SAN FRANCISCO STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 6052 1506 447 460 757 3672 1986-87 5757 1503 289 365 768 3556 1981-82 5765 1447 281 253 766 3684 1976-77 5447 1365 241 220 727 3419 1971-72 4701 1058 216 225 566 2683 1966-67 3717 956 136 111 483 2240 GROWTH IN UCSF STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students ** 3% Academics -1% Instr.Staff 0% Total Staff *** 5% Gen.Admin. **************************** 55% Inst.Supp. ************* 26% Increase over the last 10 years Students 0% Academics -1% Instr.Staff ** 4% Total Staff *** 5% Gen.Admin. ****************************** 59% Inst.Supp. ***************************************** 82% Increase over the last 15 years Students **** 7% Academics ** 4% Instr.Staff ***** 10% Total Staff ****** 11% Gen.Admin. ******************************************* 85% Inst.Supp. ******************************************************* 109% Increase over the last 20 years Students ******************* 37% Academics ***************** 34% Instr.Staff ********************* 42% Total Staff *************** 29% Gen.Admin. ****************************************************** 107% Inst.Supp. **************************************************** 104% Increase over the last 25 years Students ******************************** 64% Academics ***************************** 57% Instr.Staff ***************************** 58% Total Staff ******************************** 63% Gen.Admin. ****************************************:::************* 229% Inst.Supp. ****************************************:::************* 314% UCSF Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $1,034,198,000 ADMINISTRATION = $56,007,000 INSTRUCTION = $147,837,000 U C SANTA BARBARA STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 3451 1820 193 236 1383 17270 1986-87 3541 1655 169 225 1272 17159 1981-82 3014 1450 157 199 1103 14706 1976-77 2780 1359 140 156 1042 13824 1971-72 2766 1326 125 143 1014 11471 1966-67 2029 1085 110 55 887 10153 GROWTH IN UCSB STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students * 1% Academics ***** 9% Instr.Staff ***** 10% Total Staff -3% Gen.Admin. ******* 14% Inst.Supp. *** 5% Increase over the last 10 years Students ********* 17% Academics ************* 25% Instr.Staff ************* 26% Total Staff ******* 14% Gen.Admin. ************ 23% Inst.Supp. ********** 19% Increase over the last 15 years Students ************* 25% Academics ***************** 33% Instr.Staff ***************** 34% Total Staff ************ 24% Gen.Admin. ******************* 38% Inst.Supp. ************************** 51% Increase over the last 20 years Students ************************** 51% Academics ****************** 36% Instr.Staff ******************* 37% Total Staff ************* 25% Gen.Admin. *************************** 54% Inst.Supp. ********************************* 65% Increase over the last 25 years Students *********************************** 70% Academics **************************** 56% Instr.Staff ********************************** 68% Total Staff *********************************** 70% Gen.Admin. ************************************** 75% Inst.Supp. ***************************************:::************* 329% UCSB Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $309,121,000 ADMINISTRATION = $29,404,000 INSTRUCTION = $100,957,000 U C SANTA CRUZ STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 2385 1066 179 195 784 9789 1986-87 1952 872 127 177 624 8304 1981-82 1648 707 107 140 517 6619 1976-77 1449 640 117 99 495 6013 1971-72 1111 432 106 86 341 4209 1966-67 563 220 90 24 179 1273 GROWTH IN UCSC STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Students ********* 18% Academics ************* 26% Instr.Staff *********** 22% Total Staff *********** 22% Gen.Admin. ********************* 41% Inst.Supp. ***** 10% Increase over the last 10 years Students ************************ 48% Academics ************************** 52% Instr.Staff ************************** 51% Total Staff *********************** 45% Gen.Admin. ********************************** 67% Inst.Supp. ******************** 39% Increase over the last 15 years Students ******************************** 63% Academics ***************************** 58% Instr.Staff ********************************** 67% Total Staff ********************************* 65% Gen.Admin. *************************** 53% Inst.Supp. ************************************************* 97% Increase over the last 20 years Students **************************************:::*************** 133% Academics **************************************:::*************** 130% Instr.Staff **************************************:::*************** 147% Total Staff **********************************************************115% Gen.Admin. *********************************** 69% Inst.Supp. ***************************************:::************** 127% (UC Santa Cruz graduated its first class in 1966.) UCSC Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $183,671,000 ADMINISTRATION = $19,472,000 INSTRUCTION = $58,850,000 U C SYSTEMWIDE ADMINISTRATION STAFF & STUDENTS (FTE) AS BUDGETED OVER 25 YEARS YEAR Total Staff Instr.Staff Gen.Admin. Inst.Supp. Academics Students 1991-92 1795 87 639 664 73 0 1986-87 1624 71 574 549 65 0 1981-82 1518 66 495 523 76 0 1976-77 1508 66 576 571 66 0 1971-72 1313 64 442 620 78 0 1966-67 789 32 288 456 21 0 GROWTH IN UC-SYSTEMWIDE STAFF (FTE) OVER 25 YEARS Increase over the last 5 years Total Staff ****** 11% Gen.Admin. ****** 11% Inst.Supp. *********** 21% Increase over the last 10 years Total Staff ********* 18% Gen.Admin. *************** 29% Inst.Supp. ************** 27% Increase over the last 15 years Total Staff ********** 19% Gen.Admin. ****** 11% Inst.Supp. ******** 16% Increase over the last 20 years Total Staff ******************* 37% Gen.Admin. *********************** 45% Inst.Supp. **** 7% Increase over the last 25 years Total Staff *************************************:::***************** 128% Gen.Admin. *************************************:::***************** 122% Inst.Supp. *********************** 46% UC-Systemwide Current Funds Expenditures for 1991-92: TOTAL = $256,889,000 ADMINISTRATION = $79,564,000.